Importance of Settings in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay -- Jane E

Importance of Settings in Jane Eyre Throughout Jane Eyre, as Jane herself moves from one somatogenetic location to another, the settings in which she finds herself switch considerably. Bronte makes the most of this necessity by c atomic number 18fully arranging those settings to match the differing circumstances Jane finds herself in at each. As Jane grows older and her hopes and dreams change, the settings she finds herself in are perfectly attuned to her carry of mind, but her circumstances are always defined by the walls, real and figurative, around her. As a young girl, she is essentially trapped in Gateshead. This digressive house is almost her whole ball. Jane has been here for most of her ten years. Her life as a child is sharply defined by the walls of the house. She is not do to feel wanted within them and continues throughout the novel to associate Gateshead with the emotional trauma of growing up under its hostile roof with a direful and embittere d heart. Gateshead, the first setting is a very nice house, though not much of a home. As she is constantly reminded by John Reed, Jane is merely a dependent here. When she finally leaves for Lowood, as she remembers later, it is with a sense of outlawry and almost of reprobation. Lowood is after all an institution where the orphan inmates or students go to learn. Whereas at Gateshead her physical needs were more than adequately met, while her emotional needs were ignored. Here Jane finds people who will love her and treat her with respect. Miss Temple and Helen Burns are quite probably the first people to make Jane feel important since Mr. Reed died. Except for Sunday services, the girls of Lowood never leave the confines of those walls. At Low... ... disposal than any she has had before and the walls that she finds herself within are attractive. At Moor House, Jane is exposed to a way of living she had never quite seen before and, having seen the reality of the world she had previously only imagined. She then takes a job as a teacher -- the only skill she truly has. She finds another home, and again it suits her prospects. The cottage is a little room with white-washed walls and a sanded floor and a bed to sleep in. Here at Moor house is where Jane learns what it is to be an independent woman. Of course the xx thousand pounds from John Eyres inheritance doesnt hurt. In the final setting of the book at Ferndean, this is the place at where Jane will settle down. At the ends she concludes at Ferndean where she has now been cast into the role of a mother and from here so concludes the book.

The Feminist Perspective of Taming of the Shrew Essay -- Taming of the

The Taming of the Shrewby William Shakespeare is a play that is ahead of its time in its views toward gender roles within society. Katherine is a woman who is intelligent, and is not afraid to assert her views on any given situation. She is paired with another obstinate char make outer in Pertuchio. The Marriage formed between the two is a match made in heaven for two reasons. First Because Katherine is strong enough to assert her views, and to a greater extent importantly, she realizes when she should assert them. The second reason the bond survives is that Petruchio is strong enough to accept the fact that Katherine has a mind and, more importantly he crawl ins her for that reason. Petruchio cleverly weaves the descent into the framework of society without compromising the integrity of the relationship. Petruchio does this by comparing Katherines at attitude to repulsive clothing. Carefully and calculatingly, Petruchio forges a relationship that is envied by each(prenominal) who witness it. Called cursed Kate throughout the play, Katherine is openly jealous of the attention he sister is receiving, whereas she, because she speaks her mind, is being bypassed and even avoided in the wooing process. Katherine reveals this attitude in act 2 scene1, lines 31-35, nay, now i see she is your treasure, she must have a husband i must dance barefoot on my wedding day, and for your love to her, lead the apes to hell. Talk not to me i will sit and weep.... This anger is not concealed, it serves to provide motivation as to why a intelligent person would rebuke petrucchio so rudely upon first encountering him. Katherine surely realizes that petruchio is interested in her for ulterior motives other than love. Be it purse that the dowry will trifle or the actions of an... ... between Petruchio and Kate is contrasted with the superficial properness of the relationship of bianca and lucentio. In this play as any other, Shakespeare proves to be a visionary. Petruchio achiev es his goal through witty vox populi rather than resorting to beating his wife like many a man before him has done. Though Shakespeare does not go as far as few feminists would like him to, Shakespeare does much for the fight of equality of the sexes. Katherines as strong, or stronger than any woman in Shakespeares plays. The amazing thing is that she achieves this without ulterior motives such(prenominal) as lady Macbeth. She is an honest, bright independent woman. She is not underscored by her subservience to petruchio in public, for the sun bankrupts through the darkest cloud and so do Katherines assets break though the public visage of subordination to her husband.

The Consequences of Drinking And Driving Essay -- Alcohol, drunk drivi

Driving under the influence has affected many peoples lives and families. Today I would like to talk to you about the problems of drink and driving, and why it is a concern for all of us. Driving under the influence is one of the most common and dangerous situations you can put yourself or soulfulness else in. The fact is that swallow and driving is a huge deal and can leave a long trail of broken dreams and hearts. If you drink and drive, not tho are you putting yourself at risk, but your passengers and the pedestrians outside of your vehicle. According to the most recent statistics by the National Commission Against Drunk Driving states that 17,000 Americans die all(prenominal) year in alcohol- related traffic crashes and 600,000 Americans are injured (NCADD). Thats is and average of one fatal accident every thirty transactions. Every thirty minutes someones life has ended and his or her family and friends left to weep. Anyone of these accidents could easily be a fam ily member, relative, or neighbor. Most of these alcohol-related crashes are not just cuts and bruises. People are paralyzed, disadvantageously disfigured, or pass lost the ability to live out a normal life with work and having fun are now activities that now aver on the aid of others.There is plenty of reasons alcohol and driving does not mix. The body is a very complicated organism with everything needing to go just proper for it to function properly. Alcohol only affects how your body functions negatively. Alcohol is a downer that reduces activity in the central nervous system. The individual exhibits leaving muscle tone, loss of fine motor coordination ( Net Biz Mentor). Depression and alcohol also do not mix. When people get depressed from everyday life they have the ten... ...up in jail because they are one tenth of a point over the legal limit. So try to manage your life, by not drinking and driving. If you do go out for a drink, try to go somewhere that you c an reach either on foot or by usual transportation. Think about sharing the driving and on different days with a group of people so that you can take turns at driving. If you do drink even though you meant not to, and you went out with your vehicle, consider taking a taxi and leaving your vehicle behind. This is a whole lot divulge than living with the guilt and shame of having killed a person or even a friend. Do you really want to be known as the person who has killed someone because of your stupidity? Work Cited-Mothers Against Drunk Drivers. Drinking Driving and Other Drugs. Homepage. 20 June 2003.

A Trek to Nowhere :: Example Personal Narratives

A Trek to Nowhere The occasional banging of an oar on the edge of a canoe is the only significant disturbance that accompanies us on our way to the falls. The boys had been fishing by the waterfall and mentioned its existence to us, so weve decided to check it out. There argon twenty-one of us on the Bureau Valley High School Science Clubs trip to Boundary Waters, a wilderness camping and canoeing area in northern Minnesota. A minute group of us enjoys exploring the terrain, especially as opposed to the monotony of fishing, and we are now on a waterfall mission. It is a gentle June morning, still a bit chilly for we Illinoians. We are subject to erratic periods of sunlight, as the sun discards one garment after another, unsatisfied with her immense cumulus wardrobe. There are only tattered bits of mist still hanging over the lake most of it has already noiselessly dissolved. The breeze cajoles straying wisps of my hair, and as we row steadily toward the waterfal l I consider the serenity of the wilderness the complete peacefulness. I revel in the absence of snorting mufflers, rambunctious screeching tires, innumerable Super Wal-Marts, and ever-encroaching subdivisions. My discernment grows as I compare the previous years vacation to this years at Boundary Waters. Not that the Badlands werent a sight to see -- they were. But the whole Badlands/Blackhills area was literally infested with tourist-related billboards (all displaying nearly the same overly-enthusiastic tidings) and informational pamphlets (in every public building, including the podiatrists office). And no telling which pamphlets were fact and which were part fabrication. Wall, South Dakota, was a choice example of the tourist-nabbing chaos. Along the interstate, approximately every five minutes, billboards would proclaim the number of miles remaining before Wall, South Dakota, as if speedometers didnt exist. Upon arriving in Wall, ones hopes were treacherously dashed. Wall was a tourist town like either other, only it was larger, and junk was more prolific. It was a frail excuse after such a dramatic drumroll via the billboards, signs, and pamphlets. A loons bittersweet call imposes on my reflections, and I realize that we have reached our destination.

Credit Card Debt In America Essays -- Economics Analysis Debt Credit C

trust card debt is one of this nations leading internal worrys. When credit was first introduced, and up until around the former(a) 1970s, the standards for getting a credit card were very high. The bar got lowered and lowered to where, eventually, an 18 year-old college student with almost no income and nothing to base a credit score on previously could obtain a credit card (much like myself). The national credit card debt for families residing in the United States unaccompanied is in the trillions (Maxed Out). The average American family has around $9,000 in debt, and pays around $1,3000 a year on interest payments (Maxed Out). Many people have the concern right away that these interest rates and fees atomic number 18 skyrocketing and many an(prenominal) do not understand why. Most of these people have to try to avoid harassing collecting agents from different agencies, which takes an unrestrained and psychological toll on them. While a lot of the newly recognized ris ky people (those with a doubted ability to make sufficient payments) are actually older people who have been customers of certain companies for decades, the credit card companies are actually consciously targeting a different, much more vulnerable gathering of people college students. James Scurlock produced a documentary called Maxed Out on this growing problem, in which Senator Jack Reed of (Democrat) of Rhode Island emphasizes the targeting of college students in the Consumer Credit Hearings of 2005 James Scurlock strongly emphasizes this problem throughout the whole documentary. Students, ranging in ages from 18-22 primarily, are young, and naive. They are out from under their parents rule and free to make decisions on their own. This means that many are going to take certain steps necessar... ...edu/pqdweb?index=2&did=1202014091&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1224101276&clientId=7968Kovak, Marc. Survey suggests credit card companies below the belt target college students. 31 March 2013. ProQuest. Mira Costa College Library, San Elijo. 15 Oct. 2014.&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VNme=PQD&TS=1224101276&clientId=7968Maxed Out. Dir. James Scurlock. Perf. Victims of credit card debt. DVD. 2012.McGeehan, Patrick. Soaring Interest Compounds Credit Card Pain for Millions. TheNew York Times. 21 Nov. 2013. 15 Oct. 2014.Student Financial Management and Credit-Card Debt. Rutgers University Senate. 2012. 15 Oct. 2014.

Credit Card Debt In America Essays -- Economics Analysis Debt Credit C

conviction banknote debt is one of this nations leading internal problems. When credit was source introduced, and up until around the late 1970s, the standards for getting a credit note were very high. The bar got lowered and lowered to where, eventually, an 18 year-old college student with almost no income and nothing to base a credit score on previously could obtain a credit card ( oftentimes like myself). The national credit card debt for families residing in the United States alone is in the trillions (Maxed Out). The average American family has around $9,000 in debt, and pays around $1,3000 a year on interest payments (Maxed Out). Many community have the concern today that these interest rates and fees are skyrocketing and many do not understand why. Most of these people have to try to fend off harassing collecting agents from different agencies, which takes an emotional and psychological toll on them. While a lot of the newly recognized risky people (those with a d oubted powerfulness to maintain sufficient payments) are actually older people who have been customers of certain companies for decades, the credit card companies are actually consciously targeting a different, much more vulnerable group of people college students. James Scurlock produced a documentary called Maxed Out on this growing problem, in which Senator Jack Reed of (Democrat) of Rhode Island emphasizes the targeting of college students in the Consumer Credit Hearings of 2005 James Scurlock strongly emphasizes this problem throughout the whole documentary. Students, ranging in ages from 18-22 primarily, are young, and naive. They are out from under their parents rule and free to make decisions on their own. This means that many are going to take certain steps necessar... ...edu/pqdweb?index=2&did=1202014091&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1224101276&clientId=7968Kovak, Marc. discern suggests credit card companies unfairly target college students. 31 March 2013. ProQuest. Mira Costa College Library, San Elijo. 15 Oct. 2014.&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VNme=PQD&TS=1224101276&clientId=7968Maxed Out. Dir. James Scurlock. Perf. Victims of credit card debt. DVD. 2012.McGeehan, Patrick. Soaring Interest Compounds Credit Card Pain for Millions. TheNew York Times. 21 Nov. 2013. 15 Oct. 2014.Student Financial Management and Credit-Card Debt. Rutgers University Senate. 2012. 15 Oct. 2014.

Applied Linguistics Essay

Second words refining has ever more than become an important take form-field both in schools and other private sectors dealing with speech communication training and learn process in particular in the time of global integration. It is a complex activity involving a mix of internal factors such as age, expertness, motivating, personality, or learn strategiesand external factors such as socio-economic and cultural background, development and teaching contexts All these factors play a precise important role in savants? success in acquiring and using a wink speech communication.Thus, assimilators reciprocal ohm lecture achievement outho use up be greatly improved when teachers direct a mend spirit of the assimilator, of the learning process and of the variables that may help or hinder learners lyric achievement. Because of the limited size of this article, I am going to handle some of the most important factors affecting learners second speech communication a chievement motivating, age, personality, social and cultural factor in order to test what stimulates successful wording learning and what places obstacles in the learner s path to phraseology proficiency.II. DEVELOPMENTII. 1. Some factors affecting learners L2 achievement II. 1. 1. inner factors II. 1. 1. 1. Motivation It is undeniable that motivating is integrity of the major factors in deciding the learners failure or success in second language achievement. Motivation is a kind of desire for learning. It is very difficult to teach a second language in a learning environment if the learner does not have a desire to learn a language. Reece & Walker (1997) stress that a less able assimilator who is highly motivated can achieve greater success than the more intelligent student who is not well motivated.In this article, we be concerned with motivation related to foreign language teaching and learning. Wilkins (1972) blames out that motivation is not a general covert term for possibly distinct concept such as energy, interest and enjoyment, only when instead, restricted to the phase of exhale oningness to learn which depends largely on the learners needs in learning the language. Psychologists have distinguished two major types of motivation which play an important role in determining how allow foring the learner is to persevere with the task instrumental and integrative motivation The first motivation will be debateed is instrumental motivation.It is generally characterized by the desire to obtain something practical or concrete from the study of a second language (Hudson 2000). With instrumental motivation, the heading of language eruditeness is more utilitarian, such as meeting the requirements for school or university graduation, applying for a line of merchandise, requesting higher pay based on language ability, study technical material, translation work or achieving higher social status. Instrumental motivation is often diagnostic of sec ond language acquisition, where little or no social integration of the learner into a community using the target language takes place.According to Richards (1976) simply learning a language to acquire rail credits, or to carry out a limited range of tasks that do not involve the learner in close face to face fundamental interaction ( for model a person learning enough English to sell souvenirs to tourists does not generally lead to a high degree of accomplishment in learning). However, in recent years, according to Brown (1977), he stated that Indian English is one example of a variety of English which can be acquired very successful for instrumental reasons alone.Another motivation will be taken into consideration is integrative motivation. According to Gardner and Lambert (1959), this kind of motivation performer learning a language because the learner wishes to key himself with or become integrated in the society whose language it is. It has generally been thought that inte grative motivation is the more powerful of the two because it implies a desire to integrate with speakers of the target language. Instrumentally oriented students would be expected to acquire the second language only to the point where their instrumented goals were satisfied.It is appargonnt that when the learner merely wanted to be able to buy food and take public transportation he could achieve those goals with a very low level of proficiency in the second language and if the learner had to use the target language in his professional life, his level of learning would be much higher.Learners with integrative motivation view the language as a key to social and cultural enrichment through the opportunities to provide for association with members of a various(a) cultivation. Then their goal in learning the language is to be able to use the language as a means ofcommunication and likewise for toleration by the people who speak the language. Such motivation often leads to high acc omplishment.In settings such as Vietnam, learners who learn English for special purposes have a great deal of instrumental motivation to acquire English in order to be able to be applied for a good prank with a high salary. They learn English very fast just because they want to communicate spokenly, in a very simple English with other speakers of English. In Vietnam, English is a compulsory subjects so almost all of students learn English just to pass the exam.Thus, the type of language learned namely forms as mainly for communicative use will be directly affected by the type of testing students need to pass. As a result, it is likely that learners will not achieve a high standard of English. II. 1. 1. 2. Language readiness As has been discussed in the introductory section, success in mastering a foreign language depends very much on the learners motivation. Beside the motivation factor, social psychologists have in any case found out that whether a student can learn a foreign language very successfully or not also depends on his language aptitude.This section is an attempt to discuss an intrinsic factor influencing foreign language learning that is language aptitude. Aptitude for language learning is usually composed of four contrasting types of abilities the ability to identify and determine new sounds, the ability to understand the function of detail words in sentences, the ability to figure out grammatical rules from language samples, the ability to memorize new words. Many tests of language aptitude have proven extremely effective in predicting which learners will be successful in learning.However, considerable feud remains about whether language aptitude is properly regarded as a unitary concept, an organic property of the brain, or as a complex of factors including motivation and short-term memory. Research has generally shown that language aptitude is quite distinct from general aptitude or intelligence, as measured by various tests, and is i tself plum consistently measurable by different tests. Language aptitude research is often criticized for world irrelevant to the troubles of language learners, who must attempt to learn a language regardless of whether they are gifted for the task or not.This claim is reinforced by research findings that aptitude is largely unchangeable. In addition, traditional language aptitude measures such as the Modern Language Aptitude Test strongly favor decontextualized intimacy of the sort used in taking tests, earlier than the sort used in conversation. For this reason little research is carried out on aptitude today. However, operators of selective language programs such as the United States defensive structure Language Institute continue to use language aptitude testing as collapse of applicant screening. In my opinion, as a teacher of English, aptitude plays an important role in learners language achievement.How is it that some people can learn a foreign language quickly compo sition others, harbourn the homogeneous opportunity experience utter failure? Does this depend on how language is taught? Partly this is true as when the teacher is equipped with a better language teaching method, his students can learn faster. But partly it is not true as in the identical group there always exists fast and slow learners. Another answer to the question is the problem of motivation hardly not all students with the same motivation can have the same accomplishment. Another possible answer to the question is that some people have language aptitude while others do not.II. 1. 1. 3. Learners age The previous section dealt with the learners language aptitude, a factor that influences language acquisition a great deal. This section will take into consideration some other factor age which has received a tour of opinions so far. In the past few decades, the comparisons among child, adolescent and adult learners have been made by some(prenominal) researchers, and the di fferent findings as well as explanations have been reported. Traditionally, research in Critical Period Hypothesis and other variables has derived two major aspects of language learningthe younger = the better and the older = the better.However, recently the scholars in the fields of linguistics, psychology and psycholinguistics have reported their study or experiment results continually, resulting in completely different points of view so the argument for or against the Critical Period Hypothesis has neer stopped. The question of how exploitational stages interact with individual learning differences is still a question of great debate. Is there an optimal age, a critical period or a sensitive period? How does the age factor affect the development of linguistic abilities? Are adults really inferior to children and even to adolescents?There exists a belief that younger learners have certain advantages over older learners in language learning. According to Ellis in 2008 Larsen-Free man in 2008 Mayberry & Lock in 2003, Robert Dekeyser in 2000, younger children learn L2 easily and quickly in comparison to older children. Larsen-Freeman & Long in 2008 also suggest that there is a period of time, mingled with birth and somewhere around the age when a child enters pubescence, exists in which the learning a second language can be accomplished more rapidly and easily than times falling outside of this period (i. e. post puberty).This is because children are in the most flexible condition learning a foreign language. This stage major power be strongly impressed on their brain, which can stimulate noisome function system, and the further learning can help them to form language habit and competency easi1y. however Researchers also disagree with withdrawing home language fend too soon and suggest that although oral communication skills in a second language may be acquired within 2 or 3 years, it may take 4 to 6 years to acquire the level of proficiency needed for un derstanding the language in its academic uses (Collier, 1989 Cummins, 1981).So children who are taught L2 intensively too early will damage their L1 acquisition. Another belief reported by Johnson and Newport, Dekeyser, Asher and Price, Politzer and Weiss, Olson and Samuel, Lightbown and Spada (2008) that older learners have a higher level of problem solving and metalinguistics abilities than younger learners.. The young learners are considered fluent in communication of the second language and achieve native like accent. Learners after the age of puberty do not acquire native like accent of a second language still have complex learning pattern.Research suggests that children and adults L2 learners pass through different developmental states in second language learning. Learning depends on the cognitive maturity and neurological factors. Adults cerebra nerve network has come into being completely, and their thinking habits have become mature in this period. They can deal with compl icated language form and contents easily, because their meta-language consciousnesses, common sense and literary knowledge are better than children.In general, age is important but not everything in second language learning. There are some factors related to the age, for example the learning opportunities, the motivation to learn, individual differences, and learning styles, are also important determining variables that affect the rate of second language learning in various developmental stages of the learners. II. 1. 1. 4. Learners personality We have mentioned some important factors influencing learners second language achievement such as motivation, language aptitude and age.In this section we continues with some specific personality factors in human behavior in relation to second language acquisition. The psychological factors to be discussed here are self-esteem, inhibition, extroversion/ introversion. Self esteem is the degree of value, a worthiness which an individual ascribe s to himself. According to Schuman in 1978 and Brown in 1980, there are one-third kinds of self- esteem global, specific and task self esteem. How is self esteem related to second language acquisition?Brown (1980) states that specific self- esteem might refer to second language acquisition in general but task- esteem might approximately refer to ones self-evaluation of a particular aspect of the language process speaking, writing A study by Adelaide Heyde (1979) revealed that all three aspects of self-esteem correlated positively with performance in oral production and student with high self esteem real performed better in the foreign language. Inhibition sets of defense mechanisms built to protect the ego, a concept well related to self-esteem and of course has to be considered by teachers.Language learners, children or adults, make progress by learning from making mistakes but at the same time, making mistakes can be viewed as a threat to ones ego. As a result, the learner t ends to build a certain degree of defence to protect himself. Guiora et al (1972a) produced one of the few studies in inhibition in relation to second language learning, and the experiments have been high-lighted a possibility that the inhibition, the defence which we place between ourselves and others can prevent us from communicating in a foreign language.. Another factor which also needs some examination is extraversion and introversion. Language teachers often assume that the extraverts are better language learner than introverts. In a language class, the teacher tends to prefer to have more students with an outgoing and talkative personality. At an early stage, extroverts seem to speak the language better than the introverts, but this does not mean that the proficiency of a more invaginate student will be lower. This depends very much on the goal of learning.It can be argued that the reserved learner may be very appease but he can be a good language learner in the sense that he is good in aural and exercise comprehension even though he cannot speak. Thus, it is not clear then that extraversion or introversion helps or hinders the process of second language acquisition and it is hard to say which is ideal for language learning. II. 1. 2. External factors The previous section examined some aspects of internal factors. This section accounts for some equally important external factors which also affect learners second language achievement.As language teachers we are faced with factors such as the social context of learning, the cultural differences between two language involved. The learning environment of the educational context and the teaching method being used. Most of these are largely beyond our control but nevertheless they are important because they can affect, sometimes decide the learners internal factors in learning. To improve teaching and stimulate better learning, these factors should be taken into consideration.II. 1. 2. 1.Social factor The childs acquisition of his mother tongue is affected by the condition under which it takes place. The same influence is also relevant to learning of a second or foreign language. The classroom itself is a kind of social setting where each student has a role, so his success of learning a foreign language is, to some extent, determined by the teacher- student relationship and the student- student relationship. The teachers love for his job is often an encouragement to his students in their learning.According to Cheatain (1976), student is also strongly encouraged to learn the language when his teacher is always hopeful. The student- student relationship is no less important. This instance concerns face- saving. No students likes to let his errors be known to his friends, so reprobateion of errors by the group is helpful when there is non- hostile trusting climate in the classroom. In addition to the classroom features of the learning situation itself, there are factors in the wider s ocial context that influence language learning.Teaching never occurs in a vacuum. Any subject occupies a position in the syllabus in order to meet a need of all part of the school population. Second language or foreign language teaching is not an exception. As the political, economic and historical conditions change, the course objectives are altered. In a great number of countries it so happens that shifting political economic and social conditions often bring about the change in status of a second or foreign language. For example, English was not introduced into the school curriculum in Vietnam until 1971.Nowadays, when Vietnam is a member of WTO, English becomes a compulsory subject as it is an international language of commercial and official communication. Political factors are not the only ones that influence second language learning. Other attitudes towards language learning which are characteristic of the society to which the learner belongs are particularly important to th e success of language learners. In Vietnam, the ability of using English fluently is a special aptitude for certain favored jobs, but in others like the UK or the USA, learning another language is little more than a hobby.Obviously, all the different attitudes, which actually stem from political, economic or historical causes play an important part in the overall achievement in foreign language learning. II. 1. 2. 2. Cultural factors It is lucid that knowing a second language no longer means merely having acquired some linguistic competence the ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It also includes the acquisition of communicative competence the ability to communicate the second language.To the extent that language is culturally acquired, one can never learn a second language successfully without learning the culture of that language. In the article Talking across culture in 1981, Richards argues that those who are supposed to know a foreign language must have ling uistic competence, communicative competence and social competence as well. By social competence, he means that the learner is expected to know how to behave in a speech community of speakers of the target language. In other words, he must be familiar with the culture of the native speakers otherwise, he will beshocked, or fail to understand native speakers even though he is linguistically competent. It can be conclude that anyone decides to learn a certain language properly, culture is something he cannot avoid in the process. In teaching English, we need to be aware of the cultural assumptions that the students already possess. We also need to be aware of the cultural assumptions that surround the use of English. Functions and structures used to be examined for cultural content, it cannot be assumed that they are neutral. II. 2. Language teaching implications.For the reason that motivation plays a very important role in second language achievement, the task of the teacher is to ma ximize the motivation. Teachers should raise students interest in learning English so that they no longer learn English to pass the exam or to fulfill curriculums requirement but for the desire to interact and communicate with foreigners In order to achieve these goals, teachers should vary the activities, tasks and materials, provide students with opportunities for interaction in the target language in and outside the language learning environment through preplanned, and authentic activities.As a result, students will be more interested in learning English. Not many researchers have carried out research about language aptitude because it is something that teachers are powerless to alter. Students vary in terms of aptitude so teachers should categorize them according to their aptitude profiles. For example, one group was identified as having particularly good memory abilities (relative to other abilities), and another group was identified as being high in verbal analytical abilities .It is the duty of teachers to select appropriate teaching approaches and activities based on learners aptitude profiles to accommodate their differences in aptitude. If the methodology matches students, they will learn better otherwise it may decrease students second language achievement. We all know that different ages have different ways of learning and different ways of achieving language. The differences among the three age groups (children, adolescents and adults) are really existent and the biological L2 learning conditions are unchangeable.Learners of different ages and stages should use different strategies. Thus, the teachers duty is different in the three groups and the teaching approaches and strategies should cater for the traits of students. For example, children use strategies unconsciously and their teacher should help them form good learning habits in this period. Some adolescents might be unable to be aware of using learning strategies, and others use too many com plex and sophisticated learning strategies in L2 language learning, which might not promise to achieve high level.Adult learners prefer analytic-style strategies such as comparative and contrastive analysis, generalization rules learning, and dissecting words and phrases. As a result, teachers should manipulate a number of options according to the aim of the teaching and learning, such as different reading materials, the speed of teaching procedures, etc Suitable approach and strategies for each trait of age will help learners achieve language better, compensate the shortcomings and take good advantage of in three groups. As the results listed in the previous part indicate, learners differ in terms of personality.Some students are very reserved, some are self- confident, some are ready to take a risk but others do not. dread each students personality is extremely important to every teacher not except for teacher of English. When teacher know students characteristics, they can use appropriate methods for each of them. For example, most of Vietnamese students are still basically shy and withdrawn. Then teachers should involve a lot of pair and group work instead of using the teacher- students questions and answers.Teachers should use cooperative rather than competitive goals to create a supportive and non-threatening learning atmosphere. Besides, teachers should encourage and support students all the time especially when they are struggling or lacking confidence in certain areas. Good teachers will know how to adapt their methods of teaching to different learners personalities to have vanquish results in second language achievement. It cannot be denied that social context has a big influence on situation of second language teaching and learning of each nation.Thus, in order to create a good learning condition for second language learning to flourish is the duty of everyone parents, authority of school, community, ministry For example, parents should give chil dren favorable condition to learn second language, school should be concerned about students language learning and teaching to make it better, ministry of education should pay more attention to the quality of language teacher, textbooks and facilities necessary for effective second language teaching and learning to happen. assimilation is very important in second language learning so the duty of teachers is to raise students awareness of cultural differences between countries. When teaching a foreign language such as English, teachers should teach students language competence along with socio- cultural competence. Both teachers and authorities should bear in mind that learning about other cultures does not mean changing ones own values and world outlook.On the contrary, by comparing some aspects of cultures in different societies, students may better appreciate their own culture and tradition and avoid false stereotypes which may result in either prejudice against other culture or b lind belief that other cultures are superior. A successful language learner is a person who not only knows how to make grammatical and meaningful sentences but also knows how to use them in appropriate situations and a good language teacher is a person who knows how to help them do so successfully.III. CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, the success in second language acquisition depends largely on many factors but some of the most important factors can be mentioned are motivation, language aptitude, learners age and personality, social and cultural context. Thus, knowing these factors and how they influences learners second language achievement is very crucial to teachers of foreign languages in general and English in particular. Their language can be greatly improved when teachers have a better understanding of the learner, of the learning process and of the variables that may help or hinder learners language achievement.IV. REFERENCE Krishna K.B , Age as an Affective Factor in Second Langua ge Acquisition, Troy Universityn Press. HIDASI, Judit, (2005) The Impact of Culture on Second Language Acquisition, Annals of the International Business School. Hoan, P. K, (1985), Psychological and cultural factors related to methodologies to Hanoi foreign languages Teachers college student, Sydney Zhang . J, (2006) Sociocultural Factors in Second Language Acquisition, Sino-US English Teaching, Volume 3, No. 5 (Serial No. 29) Mehmet, N. G, (2001) the effects of age and motivation factors on second language acquisition F? rat University Journal of Social Science. tic

Cirque Du Soleil

From a group of 20 street performers at its beginnings in 1984, cwm du Soleil is a major Quebec-based organization providing high-quality artistic entertainment. The play along has 5,000 employees, including more than 1,300 artists from more than 50 different countries. corrie du Soleil has brought wonder and delight to more than light speed million spectators in more than 300 cities in over forty countries on six continents. For more information about Cirque du Soleil, visit www. cirquedusoleil. com.The care The mission of Cirque du Soleil is to invoke the imagination, provoke the senses and evoke the emotions of people around the world. The Creation of Cirque du Soleil It all started in Baie-Saint-Paul, a small town stuffy Quebec City in Canada. There, in the early eighties, a band of colourful characters roamed the streets, striding on stilts, juggling, dancing, breathing fire, and playing music. They were Les Echassiers de Baie-Saint-Paul (the Baie-SaintPaul Stiltwalkers), a street theatre group founded by Gilles Ste-Croix.Already, the townsfolk were impressed and intrigued by the young performers including Guy Laliberte who founded Cirque du Soleil. The troupe went on to found Le Club des talons hauts (the High Heels Club), and then, in 1982, organized La Fete foraine de Baie-Saint-Paul, a cultural event in which street performers from all over met to exchange ideas and enliven the streets of the town for a few days. La Fete foraine was repeated in 1983 and 1984.Le Club des talons hauts attracted notice, and Guy Laliberte, Gilles Ste-Croix and their cronies began to cherish a crazy dream to create a Quebec circus and keep the troupe travelling around the world. In 1984, Quebec City was celebrating the 450th anniversary of Canadas discovery by Jacques Cartier, and they needed a show that would carry the festivities out across the province. Guy Laliberte presented a proposal for a show called Cirque du Soleil (Circus of the Sun), and succeeded in co nvincing the organizers. And Cirque du Soleil hasnt stopped sinceIn 1984, 73 people worked for Cirque du Soleil. Today, the company hires 5,000 employees worldwide, including more than 1,300 artists. At the Montreal International Headquarters alone, there are close to 2,000 employees. More than 100 types of occupations can be found at Cirque. The companys employees and artists represent more than 50 nationalities and speak 25 different languages. More than 100 million spectators have seen a Cirque du Soleil show since 1984. keep mum to 15 million people will see a Cirque du Soleil show in 2013.Cirque du Soleil hasnt received any grants from the public or private sectors since 1992. Cirque du Soleils Areas of Activity In 2013, Cirque du Soleil will present simultaneously some 20 different shows around the world. Its challenge is to reside to grow while offering its creators the freedom to dream the wildest dreams and make them come true. The heart of Cirque du Soleils activity rema ins creating live shows and presenting them under life-size tops or in theatres. Since 1984 close to 200 creators from the four corners of the globe have contributed their talents to this end.In the past few years Cirque du Soleil has been separateing phone line initiatives based on its shows. a. Cirque du Soleil has acquired extensive experience in organizing unforgettable private gatherings as well as major public events (World Exposition snatch 2010, Expo Zaragoza 2008, the show-event for the 400th anniversary of Quebec City). For the past few years the Cirque du Soleil Events team has brought its creativity to a most discriminating clientele with the same thrust and spirit that characterizes each of the companys shows.Cirque du Soleil is offering a full range of products for retail sale under the Big Top, at occupant show boutiques and on the Internet. The company is seeking reliable partners to design, develop, market and distribute unique products which will bring artful living into the daily lives of Cirque du Soleil aficionados. Cirque du Soleil also develops licensing agreements with partners wishing to market products and services that leverage Cirque du Soleils creativity in areas as diverse as hospitality (restaurants, bars, spas, etc. and mood (Desigual). c. In December 2012, Cirque du Soleil and Bell Media created a new joint venture to develop media content for television, film, digital, and gaming platforms. Cirque du Soleil Medias mandate is to develop original entertainment projects, leveraging Cirque du Soleils creative inventiveness and resources, consumer insight, and infrastructure, with Bell Medias production experience, media platforms, and diverse distribution capabilities.

My First Car

Certain things in life usually form part of an individual memoir. Every one has them and usually one of the branch things that is unforgettable or at least should be made memorable is your first political machine. My first car is not just a first car at that it has been part of my history.My first car was a Chevrolet Impala 1965, with 2 doors 4 speed metallic blue. The 1965 plague impala is a stylish that is more to most quite a little. From its strength, reliability, coupled with can efficiency and its powerful performance as a car. When you sample this you would probably begin to understand why most people and I probably rank first in that list scrambles for the Chevy Impala .model.Manufactured by general gos and one of the most successful car nameplate in the united, Chevrolet Impala car be described as full-sized built automobile. One of the features that I admired the most about this model was the aspect of fuel economy, like for any other consumer no one wants to buy a n automobile that would be consuming more gasoline that you are ready to part with. It is supped with such features as the 3.5l v-6 Flexfuel that would cut down on your expenditure on gasoline and at the similar it can run on ethanol or both.The Chevy impala is definitely one of the longest running as well as the best known names both in the underworld and the mainstream motor industry. This model has a dramatic, yet clandestine design. It is a longer and lower impala model with a carved. It is also design with a rounded proboscis style with such features as spit grill in built with argent colored lower valence panels as well as a slim wheel opening trim.I believe there has never been a better model than this from general motors or to be specific from the Chevrolet impala series powered with a 396 cid engine with 425 hp, there was no can first that could match my taste for the kind of powerful performance that I so wanted. I needed whateverthing that would be affordable, fuel ef ficient, powerful, sporty as well as classy and at the same time provided me with the kind of comfort that would be the envy of my peers. With its 2 door and the chance to make it a convertible you would wonder why someone would opt for something else.The four speech function makes it more or less unbeatable. Considering my age, I would want something that would put me above my friends. I would want to always be in front and never to be the one trailing. The powerful 425 hp and the speech limit of the 1965 Chevy impala model first offers me the best chance to be lease at par on the road with any friends.At my age the last thing I would want to buy and own a master classic something that is respected, with rich history, but at the same time still manages to be impressive in the contemporary society and would still be appealing to most of the people of my generation. The automobile should be something I would want to keep for the rest of my life as souvenir. With the amount of money that I have saved end I would want to make a real investment.With about $ 15,000 you certainly would think you might not be able to get the best burgains in the market. Any how when I talked to some of my friends and remembered some of the movies that I have watched, there was no better model to buy than the 1965 Chevrolet Impala.Reference1965 Chevrolet Impala Super sport. Retrieved on 10/10/2007

Blackfish Essay Essay

Who does not love to see dolphins and whales flipping and doing tricks? Although the animals look happy and unharmed, on that point is a dark verity behind the captive nautical bread and aloneter in amu seeded playert set and zoos. Yes, attending zoos and maritime life amusement parks are a let out of childhood but recently researchers fork up disc all overed just how cruel the environment is for the marine life in captivity. After studies of comparing the quality of life of marine animals in the infatuated and in captivity, there are octuple examples shown in Blackfish, PETA, and the Animal Welfare Institute that show that animals prosper and live perennial in their natural habitats. Due to the cruelty endured by the captivated Orcas, all the oceanWorld parks should be shut set down and the Orca whales should be set relieve to prevent further demise to their species. In 2013, one documentary changed the humanity for animals in captivity forever.Blackfish, premiered in the Sundance Film Festival and was immediately picked up by Magnolia Pictures and CNN Films. Director Gabriela Copwerthwaite and her team spent historic period investigating and creating one of the almost controversial and inspiring documentaries the United States has seen. Over the past year, Blackfish has made over two million dollars at the box office, making it one of the most popular documentaries of our time. Not only does Blackfish inspire masses to reconsider waiver to Sea World, it generates people to fork up to make a change for the animals in captivity. Blackfish is a documentary that centers on the life of the killer whale Tilikum, most famous for his large structure and his collapsed dorsal fin. The documentary begins explaining the attack of three different whale trainers while employed by Sea World. Ironically enough, Sea World was not the only common thread among these deaths. All of these victims also shared the same cause of death Tilikum, the killer whale. Tilikum was captured off the playground slide of Ireland in 1983 as a baby whale. Blackfish describes in detail the three deaths and the true reason behind the anger behind Tilikums attacks. The attacks were create by the mistreatment of the whales. Tilikum and the other whales were held in puny floating cages thatwere just as big as their own dimensions. Orca whales are used to being in the wild and having miles of ocean to roam, so when SeaWorld captures these whales and does not give them the right living environment, it is shown that they attack.While in the Sea World captivity, the Orca whales lifespan is almost half the size of a destitute Orca whale lifespan. Tilikum is still held in captivity by Sea World, only moving when he has to during shows. many another(prenominal) activists and actor Sea World Employees provoke formed movements and have appeared on the news to try to get Sea World to free these whales.There are multiple differences between whales in captivity and whales in the wild. There are countless recorded injuries inflicted on instructors by slayers, but killer whales in the wild have no record of ever hurting a human being. SeaWorld would give tours and tell their audience that the life span of whales in the wild was 25-30 years and that whales in captivity live longer, because of the veterinarian sell they receive. According to Howard Garret, an expert on killer whales, orcas in the wild have lived to be over 100 years old. SeaWorld tells their audience that 25% all orca whales in the world have a collapsed dorsal fin, which is due to gravity, dehydration, illness and injury. In reality, only 1% of orca whales in the wild have a collapsed dorsal fin and 100% of all captive whales have a collapsed dorsal fin. The reason why there are so many attacks in SeaWorld is directly related to the treatment and the territory that they are put in. SeaWorld claims that the whales that show together are all from the same family, but in actua lity, they are taken from all different parts of the world. Since these orca whales are being hoarded together, the living environment causes hostility between the whales. This aggression is usually taken out on the fellow whales, but sometimes it is taken out on the SeaWorld trainers.There are three separate do where the same whale, Tilikum, has attacked trainers and killed two. As a result of the attacks and killings, the SeaWorld trainers are no longer allowed in the water with the orcas during the live shows. Tilikum is now isolated in a small pool for the rest of his days, living in captivity, occasionally coming out at the end of the show to make a splash. Blackfish is a thrill example of how animal captivity is not a proper way of life for marine animals.Much like Gabriela Copwerthwaite, PETA, or People for Ethical give-and-take of Animals, have exerted many efforts towards captivity cruelty and ending the brutality though names and movements. After Blackfish was released in 2013, many people across American and the world took a stand against the animal cruelty. PETA just recently came out with an article regarding the marine life in captivity. The article centered around the cruelty and incorrectness of removing wild animals from their natural habitat and communities, keeping dolphins in captivity to live their lives as fascinations at theme parks and resort hotels, where they are forced to do in front of crowds of people. Oceanographer Jean-Michel Cousteau compared the maintenance of orcas in tanks to a person being blindfolded in a jail cell. Trainers force marine mammals to learn tricks, lots by refusing food and torturing animals who do not perform. A trainer at Hersheypark quit because she saw a lot of frustrated animals that would die from ulcers. The article says, A marine-mammal behavioral biologist in Seattle says that captive dolphins demonstrate a variety of stress-related behavior such as self-inflicted trauma, induced vomiting, and aggressiveness. Some captive dolphins have reportedly taken their own lives by hitting their heads against the sides of pools or by refusing to come up for air (PETA). In the wild, there has been no report of a whale or dolphin killing itself because of its habitat. Hersheypark, like SeaWorld, claims that their marine life prospers in captivity due to their loving staff and outstanding veterinarians.Although Hersheypark, SeaWorld, and other marine amusement parks claim that their living conditions for their animals are acceptable, it is proven that the animals are more harmed in captivity. PETA is making strides towards ending animal captivity with articles informing people about the issue and pleading people not to attend zoos and other marine amusement parks. In the article, PETA points out that there is poor government principle over the zoos and parks, which should be changed. In England, there was so much boycotting against parks that they were forced to close all of them. The re are multiple countries that are mop up all parks due to boycotting, which PETA is trying to achieve.The root of the problem starts with the capturing of animals in the wild, called whaling. The Animal Welfare Institute defines and describes theprocess of whaling in different countries. AWI explains the confinement of marine life in aquariums, zoos, and amusement parks. The mistreatment of animals in captivity started in the early 1860s when P.T. Barnum funded a project, which captured of two beluga whales and brought them back to New York City for display in an aquarium. From then on, whaling and captivity of whales and dolphins have taken off and become a very big thing across the world. The popularity of captive animals has reached an all time soaring because of the money that the industry brings. AWI also has an article outlining the Dispelling the Arguments of Captivity Proponents, which are common lies that parks and zoos say to the public AWI prove them to be wrong. Some of them include, Our animals love to apply and are always smiling, Captivity is necessary for breeding/conservation programs, Our captive animals teach people about conservation, Our captive animals are ambassadors for their species, educating the public about their wild cousins, We couldnt do our conservation work without the money we receive from our customers, Our captive animals are protected from the horrors of nature, Our captive animals have been saved from a brutal death. AWI went with each of the points and proved how they were wrong. AWI takes a stand against captivity and has been trying to get the parks, zoos, and aquariums that mistreat their captive animals to close.Many people today believe that SeaWorld and other parks should be shut down and are taking a stand to close them. SeaWorld of Hurt is the largest organization that was created to take SeaWorld down, which was started by PETA. They work with many celebrities and lawmakers to try to get SeaWorld to release their animals and shut down their parks. The media attention that this issue is receiving recently has hit an all time proud because of the boycotting and organizations that have popped up across the country. Many countries like Israel, India, England, and Egypt have banned the parks and closed them down due to the boycotting, which America should do. California is also working on a bill to free the captive orcas at SeaWorld San Diego, which Florida, the southern SeaWorld park, should start to work on as well. The bill would stop SeaWorld from breeding the orca whales and block the import of orca semen from other states. In doing this, it would stop the growing of the parks and the expansion of the SeaWorld brand. Furthermore,the documentary Blackfish exploits SeaWorld for separating a young Orca from its mother vey early on because he was not performing the way that SeaWorld wanted him to.The audiences heartstrings are tugged as they watch the mother project a horrific utter for over 24 hours that was unknown to experienced whale trainers and Orca experts. It provides a visual example of the animal cruelty that SeaWorld inflicts upon these harmless creatures, and they do not care because they are reaping large financial benefits through these shows. Although there are laws against whaling and people are beginning to take a stand through boycotts and shutting down SeaWorld parks in other parts of the world, it is not enough to protect the Orca whales. The orca species is continuously being put at a high risk as they are stuck in tanks that are too small and being starved and punish if they do not perform in a certain manner. Orca whales do not fight with each other in the ocean, where they belong causing large lacerations and the tanks to become filthy with blood. In aim to properly protect this docile from harm and each other, all of the whales need to be put back in their rightful habitats. SeaWorld has provided many generations with memorable entertainme nt, but it would be within the best interest of the public and the Orca whales if there were still Orcas around for future generations to come. PITA and other organizations have made estimable progress, but if extensive changes are not made soon, animal cruelty will continue to occur.Works CitedBlackfish. Dir. Gabriela Copwerthwaite. 2013. Netflix.Confinement of maritime Life. Animal Welfare Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Apr. 2014..Aquariums and Marine Parks. PETA. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Apr. 2014. .Martinez, Michael, Stella Chan, Vivian Kuo, and Tory Dunnan Gregg Canes Contributed from Santa Monica. California Bill Would Ban Orca Shows at SeaWorld. CNN. Cable News Network, 07 Mar. 2014. Web. 04 Apr. 2014. .Dispelling the Arguments of Captivity Proponents. AnimalWelfare Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Apr. 2014..SeaWorld Of Hurt Where Happiness Tanks. SeaWorld of Hurt Home Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Apr. 2014. .

English Exam

I personally think Culture Smarts Norway a Quick Gulled to customs & Etiquette has managed to capture the Norwegian lifestyle rise up. The tips are angled in a way for the reader to better understand Norwegian way of thinking and acting. rudimentary information about the Norwegian people and what values we got, that may be very different from other cultures. Being aware of other cultures values is an alpha and clever thing to do when traveling abroad. It strengthens your chances of good communication and prevents you from being misunderstood as easily.The only negative thing to say about the textual matter is that It has put a lot of weight on Just explaining why we are so reserved, to help prevent foreigners from misunderstanding us. Of course this is important information, hardly there could be given more advice on how to otter the communication with us, rather than it mostly being excuses for our rather strange behavior. But dont get me wrong, if I was to deliver a guide li ke this, I would most definitely mention the same things, but with some enhancements In the communication part.Appease 3. C) Do we really lack to grapple? Weeklies the weapon that leaks out confidential Information Into the public domain, Information the government Intended to keep secret, and backing the Information with trustworthy sources, as well as making sure the Individual providing the highly classified material remains anonymous. Weeklies has been a hot topic in the media the last couple of years. Its non the information being given that is the main focus, but the fact that the Information is being given.Whether it Is good for the public to know, or if much of the information should be held kept, as intended. I personally appreciate such information. We all know terrible things happens in war, out rapports Ana Tall Dotage snowing emulates Ana Inhuman actions In war, causing devastation of civilians is something I feel is right for the public to see. To help prevent the government from believing they are untouchable. To help prevent military actions aging lives of the innocent, without consequences.For each individual, and their rights to know what is going on in the world, this information is best to be official for the public. But is this whats best in the bigger picture? Is much of this information held secret, non only to hide information that is not accepted by the public, but to benefit world peace? Will the leaked information cause bigger consequences for cooperation between countries? Is the reduced trust in our government benefiting us, or is it better not to know? Maybe some of the information from Weeklies is better of being unknown to the public, in order to maintain world order.

Depictions of Death and Disease

The use of the word plague is reserved for only the most important and devastating infirmitys in history. This word has been specifically set aside for diseases that strike a reliable type of fear into the masses as with the bubonic Plague, alike called the unrelenting Death, and the AIDS epidemic. The word has an effect of biblical proportions and epidemics like AIDS and the Bubonic Plague both(prenominal) display the social reaction to these maladies in the religious connections or rejections made toward both.There is, also, evidence of the unraveling of complete societies due to these illnesses in the abandonment of the sufferers to their fates and the perpetuation of causation of these plagues to stories that confuse and confound communities into states of despair and disillusionment. The swiftness by which the Black Death struck victims to death is opposed to the lengthy period between the contraction of AIDS and a death that is not always certain or imminent. The words an d descriptions of these diseases, however, did spread quite quickly and served as a lens by which society at the respected measures viewed the chaos in the military man.The Bubonic Plague quickly be sickened and killed its sufferers and this swiftness of the disease left petty(a) time for people to react, there was no predicting its path, no preventions, and no remedies. large number expected death and the Black Death struck the consciousnesses of the people before the illness ever did. And no bells tolled, wrote a chronicler of Siena and nobody wept no matter what his vent because almost everyone expected death. and people said and believed, This is the end of the world (Tuchman, 413).People also were cited as spirit joylessly, attending funerals with no tears and weddings with no cheer. With the tang that this was indeed the end of the world, it was as if an ominous black cloud had accompanied this black plague, leaving much room for superstition and little for hysteria. T here was little emotional and physical energy left for the afflicted communities to remain gripped in a hysterical frenzy for long periods when death became so commonplace. The feeling at the time was that an evil presence was sidesteping the affected areas and this apocalyptic, creeping fear soon was replaced by emptiness.There was no sense in tending to religious ideas, as many people died without universe given their rites of death. In this way, many of the positive ideas of God and heaven were abandoned, as the peoples sentiment was that God moldiness have been responsible for attempting to exterminate the human race altogether. In the collective imaginations of religious persons all through the world, the Black Death was proof that the devil had win and God was no longer in support of the once devout.There was little mercy for the sick and parents were even found to abandon their own children to their fates. The callousness of the living was written about in much(prenominal ) a way that existence during these times was made to seem like a hellish tribulation, those who did tend to their families and the sick however were made to seem like saints. There seemed to be these pious individuals, who were revered as the sober and saintly men at a time when men and woman wandered around as if mad.. because no one had any inclination to worry themselves about the future (Tuchman, 417).The Black Death concept, wherefore became a metaphor for the darkness, disorder, dementia, and despair that was part of the fear that the world was at its end and there was no future. The horror of both AIDS and the Bubonic Plague was fueled mostly by the perplexity of each diseases origin. Those in the Black Death era looked to astrology and employed adjectives that referred buns to nature itself as the culprit. According to Tuchman, the plague was said to be spread by sheets of fire, a vast rein of fire and foul blasts of nullity.The metaphors here were probably not so much intended to be metaphors, but instead were parts of folklore that spread just as the disease did. The uncertainty of its origin certainly led to wild imaginations and a need for storytelling to put the horror into words, however magnificent and impossible these Eastern stories were. With AIDS, just as with the Bubonic Plague, the idea was that this disease originated from somewhere else, it presented itself as both geographically transcending and personally transforming. In this sense both were socially viewed as an invasion of a community and of the bodies of the afflicted.The wording surrounding AIDS and the Black Death made these afflictions seem like a retribution, as wellhead. With the Bubonic Plague, it was the poor that were looked upon as being the most at risk while AIDS had and continues to have its own risk groups. Though both diseases proved indiscriminate in its victims with the idea of disease as retribution, there must be scapegoats to cognitively connect this realit y. Sontag believes that the way AIDS is portrayed revives the archaic idea of a sully community that illness has judged (683).The scapegoats, however, are also the so-called third world countries of disease origin, such as AIDS. The same type of confusion and calamity surround the explanations of the origin of the disease. If it is not Gods wrath or some other supernatural event, then a more modern version of the Black Death stories can be found in the belief by some that AIDS was manufactured by man. This is truly the hallmark of AIDS as a modern plague, as the idea of the Bubonic Plague being manmade would not have been possible. This points to the collective imagination of those in fear of both disease and technology, a new phenomenon.Many Africans subscribe to the idea, according to Sontag, that AIDS was manufactured in the United States by the CIA proving their suspicion toward technology and the American government. Americans, conversely, look at the spread of AIDS as origina ting from a primitive place, where the spread of the disease cannot be stopped by American, conventional technology. In either sense, the fear is project toward the disease from an origin of an already instilled cultural belief. For Americans it is that what is foreign that is dangerous and to Africans what is American and technological is alarming and suspicious.Sontag effectively explains the outcome of the plague metaphor in that no matter where a person resides geographically or what their beliefs may be as to the origin of what is deemed to be a plague, the malady becomes understood socially as inescapable. She does offer, however, the idea that Europeans tended to believe that they held some moral superiority over the origin of disease, condemning other countries for spreading disease, but failing to observe their own character in spreading disease to indigenous peoples during colonization.However, the diseases spread by Europeans were not viewed as plague-like or morally rep rehensible. The idea that morality can be traced to disease and its afflictions is an interesting social phenomenon that equates sick with dirty or immoral and healthy with moral. Health itself was eventually identified with these values, which were religious as well as mercantile, health being evidence or virtue as disease being evidence of depravity (Sontag, 686).This is evidence of the cultural values of the former(a) twentieth century, according to the author, in the fact that middle class values and religious observation was seen as a deterrent from disease. Those, who led a manner of supposed depravity, however where viewed as not only more likely to become ill, but more deserving of their scurvy. AIDS has been portrayed in such a moral sense, that homosexuality and its immorality to some is the blame for the plague and a deserved consequence.Sadly, the same callousness that was displayed in the abandonment of suffering children still occurs today in the social abandonment a nd outcasting of AIDS victims. According to Sontag, the disease metaphor is especially beneficial to anti-Liberals and those that which to address issues of supposed moral decay. Therefore, buttoned-up opportunists have laden the language associated with AIDS to further political aims. In conclusion both the Bubonic Plague and the AIDS epidemic illustrate the index of communities and cultures to transmit feelings of fear and the value of many social institutions within the context of a disease spread.Religion, politics, and the accusations and scapegoating of disease origin and spread permeate the spectrum of the social facet when such a heavily laden word as plague is perpetuated. With the fast spread of the first plague the idea that the end of the world was pricy was common. With the slower spread of AIDS in the Western world, however, a fierce anti-foreign, pro-technology, and anti-Liberal stance has been taken. Just as these diseases can devastate, so can the words and the world as it can slip into disorder and darkness.

Career Development Plan Summary

Kudler beauteous Foods is creating saucy responsibilities for certain squads at heart the organization. The aggroup that I am responsible for go away begin fiat for the Bakeries of tout ensemble three depots. This is a purpose that Kathy Kudler has previously held. The responsibility that my group currently has for Kudler Fine Foods is to run the Bakery of the La Jolla, California, storage. The police squad result increase from four to nine employees. This report depart provide an explanation of the current and new job responsibilities. Training requirements for the existing and new employees allow for be provided.The performance valuation offset for two unmarried fellow travellers, and as a team get out be reviewed. Challenges that whitethorn be presented with the evaluation process will be included. Items such as incentives, benefit packages, career development, and compensation plan will come together this report. Current and New Roles The Bakery Team of L a Jollas store currently consists of four employees electropositive myself. Jeff Lynch and Sue Anderson are both lead Bakers. April Cox and Sarah Byrd are the Bakery Sales associates.The team members who will be ordering for the other two stores will work from the store for which they will be placing orders. The exception will be that they will be expected to attend the bi-weekly team meeting that will be held at the La Jolla store. The new roles added are described below. First Level Manager Tracey Willingham will fill this role. Tracey has been with Kudler Fine Foods since Kathy Kudler opened the La Jolla Store. She has held mevery positions during this time. She has a vast knowledge of all areas of the store and will be an asset to the team. She will be the manager of both existing and new associates. order of battle Clerk for La Jolla Store Sarah Ross was selected for this role as she has also been with the La Jolla store since the beginning. She began as a cashier and has adva nced to her current position of Lead Sales Associate for the Wine Division of the La Jolla Store. Order Clerk for the Del Mar Store April Fett is new to Kudler Fine Foods. She has experience working with Fine Foods stores in the New York area. She has recently moved to California to be closer to her family. April will continue in this role once the Del Mar store is closed and the transition is make to the Carlsbad store.Order Clerk for Encinitas Store Jesse Driscoll will be responsible for placing the orders for the Encinitas store. Jesse worked for Kudler Fine Foods when he was in high school as a stocker. He has dod college and will return to Kudler Fine Foods in this new role. Trainer, Reports, Backup The last position to be filled in the reorganization of the team is to be filled by Mary Johnson. Mary has been with Kudler Fine Foods for three years. She has had experience as a Baking, Fruit, and Wine Sales Associate. She will be responsible for providing train to those who wil l be ordering.She will also be responsible for tracking the ordering process of all three stores. She will keep Tracey and myself updated for each one week with the orders that have been placed by each store as well as any trends she finds while creating the reports. Mary will also be a rearup order associate for Sarah, April and Jesse when they are take vacation time. Training Plans Because Kathy has always coered the ordering for all stores, our first learn steps will be for Mary to spend time with Kathy over the next month to learn the ordering process.After completing this training, the next week she will call back her memory of how the Bakery operates. Her days will be split between time with the Bakers and the Sales Associates. During this time, she will also ask customers for any suggestions of items they want to see at the Bakery, so that the team can postulate making improvements to the items offered. After Mary has finished spending time becoming familiar with what t he Bakeries in each store are responsible for and how the ordering process working, she will take two weeks to create training plans.I have asked Mary to create two different training plans. The first will be held for the new members of the team and will provide training of the Bakery process. The second will be held for the current team members so an figureing of the new roles is provided. Tracey and Mary will spend time with each associate after the training sessions are held to provide coaching sessions. April and Jesse will also have online training sessions to complete within the first two weeks of their employment. The courses to be taken will be those required for all associates to complete.The digit of the courses are Ethics, Diversity, and Business Conduct. Kathy is also planning a new training course for associates of all stores on Customer Service Skills. Mary will coordinate this training for the La Jolla store and for April and Jesse. Performance idea Systems Feedb ack Official feedback as a part of the Performance Appraisal System will be terminate twice a year. The first will be a mid-year review and the final will be a year-end review. This feedback will be provided in the form of a written performance appraisal. The meetings will be held one-on-one, away from the work area.During the one-on-one meeting the associate and I will discuss feedback trustworthy from clients, peers, and me. The feedback process will be a standard process for all associates. The first feed back theatrical roled will be from me and will include what I have observed, giving specific examples. The handling will include speaking of the impact of their performance. This will allow a time for the associate to notice the need for manageable improvements. It will be important for the associate and me to come to an agreement on possible improvements or next steps for advancement.The most important part of the feedback discussion will be to fortify the support that I will provide them and the resources available to him or her (SelfGrowth, 2009, pp. 1 & 2). A job rendering for the current position as well as other roles within the team will be shared during the review meeting. This will allow the associate to review the current requirements and discover what steps may be needed to advance. This will also offer the employee the opportunity to ask questions about advancing or the benefits of education. The local community college offers several courses for Sales Training.A pamphlet from the local college will be made available to each associate who wishes to learn to a greater extent about the classes. An additional step toward feedback will be put in place at the equal time. This step will be to provide any feedback true at the time it is received. This will apply to both dependable feedback or suggestions for improvements. Offering this to the associates more than twice a year will help him or her monitor his or her progress. Any feedback re ceived from trainers will also be shared with the associates. Team Evaluation Process and IncentivesIn addition to be evaluated as an individual, the team will be evaluated for the progress made of working together and to identify any opportunities for improvement. Working as a team is important to the success of Kudler Fine Foods. A team that whole kit and caboodle well together and supports each other will provide better customer service. The steps of evaluating a team provide needs for a different appraisal system. When evaluating an individual you can address individual goals and progress. With a team, the results are based on more than one person trying to obtain a personal goal. The team has goals and needs each person to help meet the goals.While an individual may be great at his or her own position, the manner in which he or she works within a team could provide issues for the team. The most important part of a team evaluation is to remain fair. While the team is to be eval uated for success, the individual contribution must also be taken into consideration. How each person helps the team meet the goals will be considered. The opportunity to be a good team player has to be offered to each associate. One motivation that will be provided for meeting team goals is by providing a luncheon for the team each quarter if goals are met.The team will be considered for an end of the year bonus if all quarters within the year are met as a team and as a company. Strategies to Discourage Social Loafing Social Loafing in the team environment refers to the team member or members who do not perform his or her fair share of the work. The social loafer on the team may believe that he or she can canvass along whereas the rest of the team performs each members given duties, then the loafer expects the same credit as the other members (Dayton Business Journal, 2001).What the loafer in any of the instances fails to realize is that their lack of connection has a negative ef fect on the other members of the team. To discourage social loafing, all team members should understand that his or her individual performance and participation is observed and assessed. Members, who do not fairly contribute should not expect the same credit. Assessing the contributions of every member of a team eliminates loafing. Besides the team lead or the manager assessing the team members performance, each member can have the chance to unfavorable judgment the performance of fellow team members.Referenceshttp//www.selfgrowth.com/print/583277

American Airlines Flight Essay

Through his 1997 Airframe novel, Michael Crichton describes Casey Singletons response later on a savorless that was manufactured by Norton Aircraft experiences an accident while in flight. Singleton is a quality sourceization officer at Norton Aircraft. Does the story accurately portray an aircraft manufacturers response to an accident? By demonstrating that following the accident, Norton Aircraft works hard to ensure that it (Norton Aircraft) does not only ascertain the genesis of the accident, but overly to try to exonerate itself from any culpability, Crichton presents an accurate picture of aircraft manufacturers reaction to plane accidents.To illustrate, Singleton puts forth great efforts to check over the facts behind the accident (Crichton, 1996). It is notable that a Singleton is not interested in the numerous aspects that usually pester pane mishaps. Rather, she seeks to establish who erred with regard to the accident. This is the typical reaction of aircraft manufact urers after plane accidents they seek to apportion rap music rather than solve the problem. Does the story accurately portray the medias response to an aircraft accident?Crichton also presents a credible description of how the news-hungry media usually responds after plane accidents. It is undisputable that media houses jostle to present that so-called undivided story to the public after air accidents. This trend is clearly exhibited by the plans by a local anesthetic media house to air a sensational news program that has somewhat maliciously dubbed the ill-fated plane a deathtrap. The author consequently describes and critiques the sensational attitude that the media shows towards plane accidents. What was your overall impression of the story? later studying Crichtons story, I was pleased with the authors description of events that closely resemble real-life atmosphere accidents. For example, in describing the circumstances as well as the cause of the accident, Crichton draws p arallels with the American Airlines Flight 191 fatal crash. In addition, Singletons investigations reveal that the accident was partly caused by the captains error of allowing his inexperienced male child to take charge of the aircraft. Similarly, the Aeroflot flight 593 mishap in 1994 originated from the pilots mistake of permitting his inexperienced son to man the flight.Discerning such parallels to real-life events gear ups me to like the novel owing to its seeming applicability in present-day(a) mishaps. On the other hand, after closely examining Crichtons plot, I have deduced several themes which make the authors text very significant. For example, the author describes events that seek to show that air accidents are usually goddamn on the wrong parties. In this case, John Marder and his associates try to place the blame for the accident squarely on Singleton.After her investigations, Singleton however detects that the fault was in the person who was operating the aircraft, particularity the pilot. The author thus demonstrates that free and vulnerable parties usually unjustly carry the blame for plane accidents. This candid portrayal of the blame games that chase plane accidents is an aspect that makes the authors work worthy of praise. In addition, I marveled at Crichtons demonstration that humans, as opposed to mechanical failures, are the main cause of plane accidents.The author thus eradicates the popular notion that machine failure is normally the major culprit behind plane accidents. To illustrate, the aircraft is usable as per Singletons investigations. Human error, in form of improper maintenance coupled with operational errors make the plane to have the accident. Crichton thus debunks a popular myth related to aircraft accidents through the novels events. This aspect makes me to really like the authors bluntness and originality. References Crichton, M. (1996). Airframe. New York Knopf.

Mindfulness & Majjhima Nikaya

Primarily the nurture from the Majjhima Nikaya, Sutta 10, discusses the purpose of mindfulness in a context of rightful meditation strategy and thinking. The commencement instigate deals with the importance of the system. It is shown by means of the breathing activity which somehow established mindfulness through aw atomic number 18ness of the humans of the body. The psyche shall him self attach from his body as he observed its breathing in and out through meditation. The second thing that bingle will observe through mindful meditation is the bodys posture. Accordingly, one will realize if the body is standing, sitting or lying.According to the reading, this helps one realize the external and essential activities of the body. Through giving full attention a person could observe the activities of the body more intimately and completely. The person shall then reflect about the body and all of its components in such a room that the person will know the body in a more intimat e level. Through iniquity of the body, the person will be up to(p) to identify one part from the an opposite(prenominal) and what the purpose of each(prenominal) part is. Further reflection would be gathered when the person learned about the elements that makes up the body.Through observe the death of other human body, the person shall have an understanding that the same things can happen to him self upon death. The person understands that lifespan has end and like any other body that dies, the persons body is in like manner subjected to death. That death is something that is inescapable. Aside from the body, the person shall also be able to understand his feelings through mindfulness. In this part of the reading, there was a distinction between worldly feeling and spiritual feelings. The person is each experiencing a good feeling or a bad feeling.Through meditation, the person shall be able to perform a mindful observation of the origination and dissolution factors of the feeling which he has. The person could observe essentially or outwardly, through himself or through others go through. The person shall also be able to understand the mind by familiarizing oneself with how the mind industrial plant. In the discussion of the mind, there is a analogy between the being and the mind such that when the body has lust, the mind also has lust, if the body hates so as the mind. The fourth thing that a person in a mindful state observes is mindful things.The person shall also be able to apprehend mindful objects. The mental objects are also the atomic number 23 hindrances. The offshoot of the tailfin hindrances is the perceive-desire. The person in a mindful state is a person who knows when a sense desire is coming from him or is affecting him in any centering. This way, the person is able to observe sense-desire. The other hindrances are anger, torpor and languor, restlessness and worry and doubt. The mindful person shall be able to observe these f ive hindrances as mental objects. The person would be able to observe the five aggregates which helps dismiss the five hindrances.The five aggregates is composed of contemplation of the arising and disappearance of a material form, feelings, perceptions, mental formations and consciousness in a way or in another. The person shall be able to contemplate through the use of the six internal and external senses. For instance were the eye and the visual form that it captures the nose and the sense of smell, the ears and the sounds, the tongue and the taste, the body and the manifest things and the mind with the mental objects. Lastly the person shall be able to learn to observe the seven factors of enlightenment.The first enlightenment factor being the act of mindfulness. The second is the investigation of the mental object. This is when the person is aware that he is investigating a mental object or is not and how such investigation proceeded. Energy, joy, equanimity and tautness is t he third enlightenment factor that shall be present. This through knowing that there is or if there is no energy, joy, equanimity and concentration present or involve. Finally, the person shall live under the Four Noble virtue which includes understanding Dukka or suffering.One should learn that there are experiences and paths that may breath to ones suffering, hence suffering shall be understood as something that exist externally, internally, may cease to exist or may come to existence in reality . The practice of the Four Noble Truth may lead to either the Highest Knowledge or the state of not returning. The Falun Gong also has teachings that discussed what could be found in Sutta 10 or the teachings of Buddha. The instruction of Budha which also includes the four Noble Truths and the eight fold paths can essentially be reflected upon the meditation techniques mentioned in the article.With the acknowledgement of Buddhas basic teachings such as nothing is addled in the univer se, things undergone constant change and the basic law of cause and effect, the reading have illustrates that a Buddhisticic meditation must be done in accordance to the basic teachings. Mindfulness as a state that can only be attain through an understanding of the natural process of life which always has a beginning and an end. The meditation somehow reflects a cyclic process that undermines careful understanding, realization and possibility of changes.Understanding the four noble truths and advocating them is also practiced in the meditation. The observation and acknowledgement of the body reminds one that the body is a material thing that experiences pain. Observing that pain could be understood internally and externally provides an understatement regarding the way by which pain is observed to be possessed by and can be experience by anyone. By undergoing an internal observation of seeing pain and suffering, one is able to identify that through proper meditation a person is th e cause of his own pain and sufferings.A realization that suffering has its grow and its end determines that suffering could be stop or ended. Lastly, through meditation and proper understanding of how things works and how suffering produces the pain that are felt, one should help others become unlightened. The act of mindfulness is tantamount to having a clear awareness of the things and events as it pass observation of the person. Current practices of Buddhist meditation often send packing the goal of meditation. According to the primary source the only way of overcoming sorrow and lamentation is through culture or through the right path.Most often the modern practices focus on correcting bad behaviors. Sometimes the main(prenominal) focus was on finding truthfulness, displaying forbearance and benevolence. While the focus should be on extending enlightenment to other people. Most of the time, people enlighten themselves and stay stagnant without the purpose of expanding the e nlightenment to other people. There are current meditations that only focus on the physical well being or fitness speckle the real intention must include spiritual and mental fitness as well.There are also types of modern meditation that is tied up with supernatural goals that needs increase of concentration like those that are required in yoga. Works Cited Buddhism A Brief Introduction. Developing Virtue Secondary School. Burlingame, California Buddhist Translation Society, 1996. Buddhist Studies. Curriculum Development Institute of Singapore. Singapore Pan Pacific Publications Pte Ltd, 1984. Cohen, Joan Lebold. Buddha. New York Delacore Press, 1969. next the Buddhas Footsteps. http//online. sfsu. edu/rone/Buddhism/footsteps. htm Lecture Notes. Person. 2008.

Child Development, Nature vs Nurture

The spirit versus nurture debate is one of the oldest issues in psychology. The debate centers on the congener contributions ofgenetic inheritanceandenvironmental factorsto piece development. Some philosophers such as Plato and Descartes suggested that certain things are inborn, or that they only when occur naturally regardless of environmental influences. Other well-known thinkers such as John Locke believed in what is known astabula rasa, which suggests that the mind begins as a blank slate. According to this notion, everything that we are and all of our familiarity is determined by our experience.For example, when a person achieves tremendous academic success, did they do so because they are genetically predisposed to be successful or is it a result of an enriched environment? Today, the majority of experts believe that way and development are influenced by both personality and nurture. However, the issue still rages on in many areas such as in the debate on the origins of homosexuality and influences onintelligence. This question has puzzled philosophers, psychologists and educators for hundreds of historic period and is frequently referred to as thecharacter versus nurturedebate.Are we the result of nature (our genetic background) or nurture (our environment)? Today, more or less researchers agree that child development involves a complex interaction of both nature and nurture. While more or less aspects of development may be strongly influenced by biology, environmental influences may also play a role. For example, the timing of when the onset of puberty occurs is largely the results of heredity, but environmental factors such as nutrition give the axe also have an effect. From the earliest moments of life, the interaction of heredity and the environment works to conformity who children are and who they impart become.While the genetic instructions a child inherits from his parents may set come forth a road constitute for development, the en vironment can impact how these directions are expressed, shaped or so fart silenced. The complex interaction of nature and nurture does not just occur at certain moments or at certain periods of prison term it is persistent and lifelong. Babies begin to take in sensory experiences from the world around them from the moment of birth, and the environment will continue to exert a powerful influence on behavior throughout life. Geneticscan have a powerful influence on development, but experiences re equally authoritative. For example, while the genetic code contains the cultivation on how a childsbrainmay be pre-wired, it is learning and experience that will literally shape how that childs brain grows and develops. Final ThoughtsClearly, genetics have an enormous influence on how a child develops. However, it is important to remember that genetics are just one piece of the intricate puzzle that makes up a childs life. Environmental variables, including parenting, culture, education a nd social relationships also play a vital role.Nature versus Nurture is a favorite debate about whether our genetics, or environmental influences mold more of who we are. An example is whether you get your out-going personality because of your DNA, or because you grew up in an environment that made you out-going. Nature is your genes, Nurture is environmental influences. Read morehttp//wiki. answers. com/Q/What_is_the_argument_of_nature_vs_nurtureixzz29QTunXP3 The nature vs nurture debate is one of the most enduring in the field of psychology. How far are human behaviors, ideas, and feelings,INNATEand how far are they allLEARNED?These issues are at the center of the ongoing nature versus nurture debate or controversy. In the 17thcentury the French philosopher Rene Descartes set out views which held that we all, as individual Human Beings, possess certain in-born ideas that underpin our approach to the world. The British philosophers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, on the other hand, emphasised the role of experience as fully contributing to behavioral development. Locke set out the case that the human mind at birth is a complete, but receptive, blank slate ( scraped pill or tabula rasa ) upon which experience imprints knowledge.Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper forefend of all characters, without any ideas. How comes it to be furnished? Whence comes it by that vast store which the busy and innumerable fancy of man has painted on it with an almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of causation and knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from EXPERIENCE. Dandelion children tend to do pretty well no matter what environment they grow up in. Orchid children, meanwhile, may develop behavior or supposition problems in abusive or neglectful homes but in loving ones, they may thrive even more than dandelions. And according to new research, the